As winter approaches, the UK is facing a severe outbreak of a highly contagious stomach bug known as norovirus. Often referred to as the “winter vomiting bug,” norovirus cases have seen a significant 29% increase between September 23 and October 6, according to recent NHS data. This surge is double the amount typically expected for this time of year, raising concerns among health professionals and the public alike.

What is Norovirus?

Norovirus is a highly infectious viral infection that primarily affects the stomach and intestines. It’s notorious for causing sudden onset of nausea, projectile vomiting, and watery diarrhoea. While it can strike at any time of the year, it’s most prevalent during the winter months, hence its nickname.

Symptoms of Norovirus

The main symptoms of norovirus include:

1. Sudden onset of nausea
2. Projectile vomiting
3. Watery diarrhoea
4. Abdominal pain
5. Fever
6. Headache
7. Aching limbs

These symptoms typically appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus and usually last for 1 to 3 days. However, the highly contagious nature of norovirus means it can quickly spread through communities, causing widespread outbreaks.

The Severity of the Current Outbreak

The current norovirus outbreak in the UK is particularly concerning. Dr. Hilary Jones warns, “This year, as flu, RSV and COVID cases rise earlier, the British Medical Association have warned this could be the worst winter on record for the NHS.” This prediction underscores the importance of understanding and preventing the spread of norovirus.

How Norovirus Spreads

Norovirus is extremely contagious and can spread rapidly through:

1. Close contact with infected individuals
2. Touching contaminated surfaces or objects
3. Consuming food or water contaminated by someone with the virus

The virus can survive on surfaces for long periods, making it easy to pick up in public spaces, schools, hospitals, and care homes.

Prevention and Hygiene Measures

Preventing the spread of norovirus is crucial. Here are some key steps:

1. Frequent handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food
2. Avoid close contact: Stay away from people who are infected.
3. Clean and disinfect: Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated.
4. Stay home if infected: If you have symptoms, stay at home for at least 48 hours after symptoms resolve

It’s important to note that alcohol-based hand sanitisers are NOT effective against norovirus

Treatment and Management

There is no specific cure for norovirus, and antibiotics are ineffective as it’s a viral infection. The primary focus of treatment is managing symptoms and preventing dehydration. Here are some key points:

1. Rest and hydration: It’s crucial to rest and drink plenty of fluids to replace those lost through vomiting and diarrhoea.
2. Oral rehydration solutions: Products like Dioralyte can help replenish lost electrolytes and prevent dehydration
3. Intestinal adsorbents: Products such as Enterosgel can help manage diarrhoea symptoms.
4. Avoid certain foods: Stay away from fatty, spicy, or sugary foods that can aggravate symptoms.

For more detailed information on managing diarrhoea, a common symptom of norovirus, visit our diarrhoea treatment page.

When to Seek Medical Help

While most cases of norovirus resolve on their own, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. According to the NHS, you should seek medical advice if:

1. Symptoms persist for more than a few days
2. You’re unable to keep fluids down
3. You notice blood in your stool
4. You experience severe abdominal pain
5. You have signs of severe dehydration